Enchanted Learning Software's
CLADOSCOPE
The Cladogram of Life

Life

1. Viruses
2. Cellular organisms
   1. Eubacteria
      1. Aquifecales
      2. Thermotogales
      3. Thermodesulfobacterium
      4. Thermus-Deinococcus group
      5. Chloroflecales
      6. Cyanobacteria
      7. Firmicutes
      8. Leptospirillum group
      9. Synergistes
      10. Chlorobium-Flavobacteria group
      11. Chlamydia-Planktomyces group
      12. Flexistipes
      13. Fibrobacter group
      14. Spirochetes
      15. Proteobacteria
          1. alpha Proteobacteria
          2. beta Proteobacteria
          3. delta and epsilon Proteobacteria
          4. gamma Proteobacteria
   2. Archaea and Eukaryotes
      1. Archaea
         1. Euryarchaeota
            1. 1. Halobacteriales
               2. Methanomicrobiales
            2. Methanobacteriales
            3. Methanococcales
            4. Methanopyrales
            5. Archeoglobales
            6. Thermoplasmales
            7. Thermococcales
         2. Crenarchaeota
            1. 1. Thermofilum
               2. 1. Pyrobaculum
                  2. Thermoproteus
            2. 1. 1. Sulfolobus
                  2. 1. Metallosphaera
                     2. Acidianus
               2. 1. 1. 1. Thermodiscus
                        2. Igneococcus
                     2. 1. 1. Thermosphaera
                           2. Desulfurococcus
                        2. Staphylothermus
                  2. 1. Pyrolobus
                     2. 1. Hyperthermus
                        2. Pyrodictium
         3. Korarchaeota
      2. Eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus)
         1. Microsporidia
         2. Diplomonads
         3. Oxymonads
         4. Retortamonads
         5. Parabasalids
         6. Mitochondrial eukaryotes
            1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. Pelobionts?
                              2. Crown eukaryotes
                                 1. Green Plants
                                 2. 1. Fungi
                                    2. Metazoa (animals)
                                       1. Porifera (sponges)
                                       2. 1. Cnidaria (jellyfish, anemones, corals, etc.)
                                          2. Protostomes and deuterostomes
                                             1. Protostomes
                                                1. Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
                                                2. 1. Mollusca (snails, clams, squids, etc.)
                                                   2. 1. Arthropoda (trilobites, insects, spiders, crabs, etc.)
                                                      2. Annelida (segmented worms)
                                             2. Deuterostomes
                                                1. Echinodermata (starfish, sand dollars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, etc.)
                                                2. Chordata
                                                   1. Craniata (animals with skulls)
                                                      1. Hyperotreti (hagfishes)
                                                      2. Vertebrata (animals with backbones)
                                                         1. Hyperoartia (lampreys)
                                                         2. Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates)
                                                            1. Condrichthyes (sharks, rays, etc.; skeleton of cartilage)
                                                            2. Osteichthyes (bony fish and land vertebrates)
                                                               1. Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
                                                               2. Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes and land vertebrates)
                                                                  1. Coelacanthimorpha (coelacanths)
                                                                  2. 1. Dipnoi (lungfish)
                                                                     2. Terrestrial vertebrates
                                                                        1. Seymouriamorpha
                                                                        2. Tetrapoda (the smallest clade containing frogs and people)
                                                                           1. Amphibia (amphibians)
                                                                              1. Lissamphibia (living amphibians, etc.)
                                                                                 1. Salientia (frogs and toads)
                                                                                 2. Caudata (newts and salamanders)
                                                                                 3. Gymphiona (caecilians)
                                                                           2. Amniota
                                                                              1. Synapsida
                                                                                 1. Therapsida
                                                                                    1. Mammalia (milk-producing mothers)
                                                                                       1. Triconodonts
                                                                                       2. 1. Monotremata (platypus, echidna, etc.)
                                                                                          2. Multituberculata
                                                                                          3. Therians
                                                                                             1. Marsupialia
                                                                                             2. 1. Palaeoryctoids
                                                                                                2. Eutheria (placental mammals)
                                                                              2. Reptilia
                                                                                 1. Anapsida
                                                                                    1. Chelonia or Testudines (turtles)
                                                                                 2. Diapsida
                                                                                    1. Lepidosauromorpha
                                                                                       1. Squamata (lizards and snakes)
                                                                                          1. Iguania
                                                                                          2. Scleroglossa
                                                                                       2. Sphenodon
                                                                                    2. Archosauromorpha
                                                                                       1. Ichthyosauria
                                                                                       2. Archosauria
                                                                                          1. Crurotarsi (crocodilians)
                                                                                          2. Ornithodira
                                                                                             1. Lagosuchus
                                                                                             2. Pterosauria
                                                                                             3. Dinosauria
                                                                                                1. Ornithischia
                                                                                                   1. Lesothosaurus
                                                                                                   2. Genasauria
                                                                                                      1. Cerapoda
                                                                                                         1. Marginocephalia (dinosaurs with skull adornments)
                                                                                                            1. Ceratopsia (sharp beak due to rostral bone at tip of snout; frill at back of skull)
                                                                                                               1. Psittacosauridae
                                                                                                                  1. Psittacosaurus
                                                                                                               2. Neoceratopsia
                                                                                                                  1. Leptoceratops
                                                                                                                  2. (larger frill; nasal horn)
                                                                                                                     1. Protoceratops
                                                                                                                     2. (prominent nasal horn)
                                                                                                                        1. Monoceratops
                                                                                                                        2. Ceratopsidae
                                                                                                                           1. Centrosaurinae
                                                                                                                              1. Avaceratops and Brachyceratops
                                                                                                                              2. (hooks on back of frill)
                                                                                                                                 1. Centrosaurus
                                                                                                                                 2. (spikes at frill margin)
                                                                                                                                    1. Styracosaurus
                                                                                                                                    2. Pachyrhinosaurus
                                                                                                                           2. Chasmosaurinae
                                                                                                                              1. 1. Chasmosaurus
                                                                                                                                 2. Pentaceratops
                                                                                                                              2. 1. 1. Anchiceratops
                                                                                                                                    2. Arrhinoceratops
                                                                                                                                 2. 1. Torosaurus
                                                                                                                                    2. 1. Diceratops
                                                                                                                                       2. Triceratops
                                                                                                            2. Pachycephalosauria (thick skull roof, flat-headed or domed)
                                                                                                               1. Wannanosaurus
                                                                                                               2. Goyocephalia
                                                                                                                  1. Goyocephale
                                                                                                                  2. 1. Homalocephale
                                                                                                                     2. Pachycephalosauridae (dome-headed)
                                                                                                                        1. Yaverlandia
                                                                                                                        2. 1. Majungatholus
                                                                                                                           2. 1. Ornatotholus
                                                                                                                              2. 1. Stegoceras
                                                                                                                                 2. 1. Tylocephale
                                                                                                                                    2. 1. Prenocephale
                                                                                                                                       2. Pachycephalosaurus
                                                                                                         2. Ornithopoda
                                                                                                            1. Heterodontosauridae (tusk-like tooth in upper and lower jaw)
                                                                                                               1. Heterodontosaurus
                                                                                                               2. Lanasaurus
                                                                                                               3. Lycorhinus
                                                                                                               4. Abrictosaurus
                                                                                                            2. Euornithopoda
                                                                                                               1. Hypsilophodontidae
                                                                                                                  1. Thescelosaurus
                                                                                                                  2. 1. 1. Yandusaurus
                                                                                                                        2. Othnielia
                                                                                                                     2. 1. 1. Orodromeus
                                                                                                                           2. Zephyrosaurus
                                                                                                                        2. 1. Hypsilophodon
                                                                                                                           2. Parksosaurus
                                                                                                               2. Iguanodontia
                                                                                                                  1. Tenontosaurus
                                                                                                                  2. 1. Dryosaurus
                                                                                                                     2. 1. Camptosaurus
                                                                                                                        2. 1. Iguanodon
                                                                                                                           2. Ouranosaurus (lumps on forehead)
                                                                                                                           3. Hadrosauridae (head crests)
                                                                                                                              1. Telmatosaurus
                                                                                                                              2. Euhadrosauria
                                                                                                                                 1. Hadrosaurinae
                                                                                                                                    1. 1. 1. Gryoposaurus
                                                                                                                                          2. Aralosaurus
                                                                                                                                       2. 1. Brachylophosaurus
                                                                                                                                          2. Maiasaura
                                                                                                                                    2. 1. 1. 1. Saurolophus
                                                                                                                                             2. Prosaurolophus
                                                                                                                                          2. Lophorhothon
                                                                                                                                       2. 1. Anatotitan
                                                                                                                                          2. Shantungosaurus
                                                                                                                                          3. Edmontosaurus
                                                                                                                                 2. Lambeosaurinae
                                                                                                                                    1. Parasaurolophus
                                                                                                                                    2. 1. Lambeosaurus
                                                                                                                                       2. 1. Corythosaurus
                                                                                                                                          2. Hypacrosaurus
                                                                                                      2. Thyreophora (dinosaurs with dermal armor)
                                                                                                         1. Scutellosaurus
                                                                                                         2. 1. Emausaurus
                                                                                                            2. 1. Scelidosaurus
                                                                                                               2. Eurypoda
                                                                                                                  1. Stegosauria (spines or plates along the back; long pairs of spines at the end of the tail)
                                                                                                                     1. Huayangosaurus
                                                                                                                     2. Stegosauridae
                                                                                                                        1. Dacentrurus
                                                                                                                        2. 1. Kentrosaurus
                                                                                                                           2. (plates along the back)
                                                                                                                              1. Chungkingosaurus
                                                                                                                              2. Chialingosaurus
                                                                                                                              3. 1. Tuojiangosaurus
                                                                                                                                 2. Paranthodon
                                                                                                                                 3. Lexovisaurus
                                                                                                                                 4. Stegosaurus
                                                                                                                  2. Ankylosauria (fused armor)
                                                                                                                     1. Nodosauridae
                                                                                                                        1. Hylaeosaurus
                                                                                                                        2. 1. Acanthopholis
                                                                                                                           2. Struthiosaurus
                                                                                                                           3. 1. Sauropelta
                                                                                                                              2. 1. Silvisaurus
                                                                                                                                 2. 1. Panoplosaurus
                                                                                                                                    2. Edmontonia
                                                                                                                     2. Ankylosauridae (bony tail club; large horns at back of skull)
                                                                                                                        1. Shamosaurus
                                                                                                                        2. (horns larger; eyes further back)
                                                                                                                           1. (large plates covering skull roof; horns narrow; short beak)
                                                                                                                              1. Tarchia
                                                                                                                              2. Saichania
                                                                                                                              3. Pinacosaurus
                                                                                                                           2. (small plates covering skull roof; horns broad-based)
                                                                                                                              1. Talarurus
                                                                                                                              2. Euoplocephalus
                                                                                                                              3. Ankylosaurus
                                                                                                2. Saurischia
                                                                                                   1. Sauropodomorpha
                                                                                                      1. Prosauropoda(?)
                                                                                                         1. Thecodontosaurus
                                                                                                         2. 1. Anchisaurus
                                                                                                            2. 1. Massospondylus
                                                                                                               2. Yunnanosaurus
                                                                                                               3. 1. 1. 1. Plateosaurus
                                                                                                                        2. Lufengosaurus
                                                                                                                     2. Coloradisaurus
                                                                                                                  2. Sellosaurus
                                                                                                                  3. 1. Blikanasaurus
                                                                                                                     2. 1. Melanorosaurus
                                                                                                                        2. 1. Riojasaurus
                                                                                                                           2. Camelotia
                                                                                                      2. Sauropoda
                                                                                                         1. Vulcanodon
                                                                                                         2. 1. Barapasaurus
                                                                                                            2. 1. Shunosaurus
                                                                                                               2. 1. Patagosaurus
                                                                                                                  2. 1. Datousaurus
                                                                                                                     2. 1. Omeisaurus
                                                                                                                        2. 1. Haplocanthosaurus
                                                                                                                           2. Camarasaurs and Titanosaurs
                                                                                                                              1. Camarasaurs
                                                                                                                                 1. Brachiosauridae
                                                                                                                                    1. Brachiosaurus
                                                                                                                                    2. Ultrasauros
                                                                                                                                 2. Camarasauridae
                                                                                                                                    1. Euhelopus
                                                                                                                                    2. 1. Opisthocoelicaudia
                                                                                                                                       2. Camarasaurus
                                                                                                                              2. Titanosaurs
                                                                                                                                 1. Diplodocidae
                                                                                                                                    1. Diplodocus
                                                                                                                                    2. Apatosaurus
                                                                                                                                    3. Barosaurus
                                                                                                                                    4. Dicraeosaurus
                                                                                                                                    5. Nemegtosaurus
                                                                                                                                    6. Quaesitosaurus
                                                                                                                                    7. Mamenchisaurus
                                                                                                                                 2. Titanosauridae
                                                                                                                                    1. Titanosaurus
                                                                                                                                    2. Saltasaurus
                                                                                                                                    3. Alamosaurus
                                                                                                   2. Segnosauria?
                                                                                                      1. Segnosaurus
                                                                                                      2. Erlikosaurus
                                                                                                      3. Enigmosaurus
                                                                                                      4. Nanshiungosaurus
                                                                                                   3. Theropoda
                                                                                                      1. Eoraptor
                                                                                                      2. 1. Herrerasaurus
                                                                                                         2. 1. Ceratosauria
                                                                                                               1. Coelophysoidea
                                                                                                                  1. Dilophosaurus
                                                                                                                  2. 1. Coelophysis
                                                                                                                     2. Syntarsus
                                                                                                               2. Neoceratosauria
                                                                                                                  1. Ceratosaurus
                                                                                                                  2. 1. Elaphrosaurus
                                                                                                                     2. Abelisauridae
                                                                                                            2. Tetanurae (back half of tail stiffened)
                                                                                                               1. Torvosaurus
                                                                                                               2. Avetheropoda (wrist and hand modified for grabbing)
                                                                                                                  1. Megalosaurus
                                                                                                                  2. 1. Allosauridae
                                                                                                                        1. Allosaurus
                                                                                                                        2. Acrocanthosaurus
                                                                                                                     2. Coelurosauria
                                                                                                                        1. Compsognathus
                                                                                                                        2. Maniraptora
                                                                                                                           1. Ornitholestes
                                                                                                                           2. 1. 1. Oviraptoridae
                                                                                                                                    1. Oviraptor
                                                                                                                                    2. Conchoraptor
                                                                                                                                    3. Ingenia
                                                                                                                                 2. Arctometatarsalia
                                                                                                                                    1. Elmisauridae
                                                                                                                                    2. 1. Avimimus
                                                                                                                                       2. 1. Tyrannosauridae
                                                                                                                                             1. Aublysodon
                                                                                                                                             2. Albertosaurus
                                                                                                                                             3. Tyrannosaurus
                                                                                                                                             4. Alectrosaurus
                                                                                                                                             5. Daspletosaurus
                                                                                                                                             6. Alioramus
                                                                                                                                             7. Nanotyrannus
                                                                                                                                             8. Tarbosaurus
                                                                                                                                          2. Bullatosauria
                                                                                                                                             1. Troodontidae (sickle-clawed)
                                                                                                                                                1. Troodon
                                                                                                                                                2. Saurornithoides
                                                                                                                                                3. Borogovia
                                                                                                                                                4. Tochisaurus
                                                                                                                                             2. Ornithomimosauria (light skull, no upper teeth, few if any lower teeth, flat claws on feet)
                                                                                                                                                1. Harpymimus
                                                                                                                                                2. Garudimimus
                                                                                                                                                3. Ornithomimus
                                                                                                                                                4. Struthiomimus
                                                                                                                                                5. Dromiceiomimus
                                                                                                                                                6. Archaeornithomimus
                                                                                                                                                7. Gallimimus
                                                                                                                                                8. Anserimimus
                                                                                                                              2. Dromaeosauria (pubis rotated downward or down-and-backward)
                                                                                                                                 1. Dromaeosauridae (small size; large sickle-shaped claw on foot)
                                                                                                                                    1. Adasaurus
                                                                                                                                    2. Deinonychus
                                                                                                                                    3. Dromaeosaurus
                                                                                                                                    4. Hulsanpes
                                                                                                                                    5. Saurornitholestes
                                                                                                                                    6. Velociraptor
                                                                                                                                 2. Aves (birds -- dinosaurs with feathers)
                                                                                                                                    1. Archaeopteryx
                                                                                                                                    2. (pygostyle instead of tail; fully-folding wing)
                                                                                                                                       1. Sinornis
                                                                                                                                       2. 1. Hesperornithiformes and Ichthyornithiformes
                                                                                                                                          2. Modern birds (no teeth)
                           2. Dictyosteliida
                        2. Entamoeba?
                     2. Granuloreticulosa?
                  2. Myxomycetes
                  3. Ellobiopsids
                  4. Spironemids
                  5. Komokiacea
                  6. Xenophyophores
                  7. Coelosporidium
                  8. Gloeochaete
                  9. Hedraiophrys
                  10. Jakobids
                  11. Nephridiophaga
                  12. Polycystinids
               2. Ministeria
               3. Nucleariids
               4. Stephanopogon
               5. Euglenozoa
                  1. Diplonema
                  2. 1. Euglenids
                     2. Kinetoplastida
            2. 1. Schizopyrenids
               2. Acrasids

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