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The Permian period (280 to 248 million years ago) is known as the "The Age of Amphibians," because during the Permian, amphibians were abundant. Gymnosperms were the dominant plant life.The continents had merged into a single super-continent, which we now call Pangaea. Phytoplankton and plants had oxygenated the Earth's atmosphere to close to modern oxygen levels. The Permian ended with largest mass extinction ever, during which trilobites went extinct, along with 50% of all animal families, 95% of all marine species, and many trees. This extinction was perhaps caused by glaciation or increased volcanism on Earth.
The Permian was at the end of the Paleozoic Era, and was followed by the Triassic period (the first part of the Mesozoic Era), during which the dinosaurs and mammals evolved.
During the Permian, there were many animals, including Edaphosaurus, Dimetrodon, and other pelycosaurs; Eryops, Diplocaulus, archosaurs, amphibians, fish, and lots of invertebrates (like insects, worms, etc.).
 Dimetrodon An extinct, sail-backed, meat-eating animal from the Permian period (pre-dating the dinosaurs). |
Dimetrodon (Simple version) An extinct, sail-backed, meat-eating animal from the Permian period (pre-dating the dinosaurs). |
 Estemmenosuchus A large "mammal-like reptile" that lived about 255 million years ago. |
 Orthacanthus Orthacanthus was an ancient, fresh-water shark that had a long spine growing from the back of its skull. |
 Moschops Moschops is an extinct plant-eater that lived before the dinosaurs. |
 Trilobite Trilobites are extinct marine arthropods that lived from about 540 to 245 million years ago. |
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