Each of the elements in a group (a column) have qualities in common. For example, group 18 (or 8a) is the inert gases, which do barely interact chemically with other elements because they have no valence electrons. Each of the elements in a period (a row) have the same number of electron shells; the number of electrons in these shells (the element's atomic number) increases from left to right.

The periodic table was invented by Dmitri I. Mendeleev and was later revised by Henry G. J. Moseley.

Period

Group

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

1A

2A

3B

4B

5B

6B

7B

8B

1B

2B

3A

4A

5A

6A

7A

8A

1

H 1

He 2

2

Li 3

Be 4

B 5

C 6

N 7

O 8

F 9

Ne 10

3

Na 11

Mg 12

Al 13

Si 14

P 15

S 16

Cl 17

Ar 18

4

K 19

Ca 20

Sc 21

Ti 22

V 23

Cr 24

Mn 25

Fe 26

Co 27

Ni 28

Cu 29

Zn 30

Ga 31

Ge 32

As 33

Se 34

Br 35

Kr 36

5

Rb 37

Sr 38

Y 39

Zr 40

Nb 41

Mo 42

Tc 43

Ru 44

Rh 45

Pd 46

Ag 47

Cd 48

In 49

Sn 50

Sb 51

Te 52

I 53

Xe 54

6

Cs 55

Ba 56

...

Hf 72

Ta 73

W 74

Re 75

Os 76

Ir 77

Pt 78

Au 79

Hg 80

Tl 81

Pb 82

Bi 83

Po 84

At 85

Rn 86

7

Fr 87

Ra 88

...

Rf 104

Db 105

Sg 106

Bh 107

Hs 108

Mt 109

Uun 110

Uuu 111

Uub 112

Lanthanides

La 57

Ce 58

Pr 59

Nd 60

Pm 61

Sm 62

Eu 63

Gd 64

Tb 65

Dy 66

Ho 67

Er 68

Tm 69

Yb 70

Lu 71

Actinides

Ac 89

Th 90

Pa 91

U 92

Np 93

Pu 94

Am 95

Cm 96

Bk 97

Cf 98

Es 99

Fm 100

Md 101

No 102

Lr 103

Color Key:

Series	Name	Property
group 1 or 1a	Alkali metals	One valence electron
2 or 2a	Alkaline-earth metals	Two valence electrons
3 or 3b	Transition elements
	Poor metals
	Nonmetals
	Metalloids
17 or 7a	Halogens	Seven valence electrons
18 or 8A	Noble (inert) gases	No valence electrons
Lanthanide series	Rare earths
Actinide series	Radioactive rare earths

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