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Rock and Mineral Dictionary |
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The Mohs Scale of Hardness measures a substance's hardness, that is, how resistant that substance is to being scratched. This scale was invented by Austrian mineralogist Friedrich Mohs (1773-1839).
In the Mohs scale, one substance is harder than another if it can scratch it. The scale ranges from 1 to 10. For example, a diamond (hardness = 10) will scratch garnet (hardness = 6.5-7.5), but not the other way around, so a diamond is harder than garnet.
| Substance | Hardness |
|---|---|
| Talc | 1 |
| Amber, Fingernail, Ivory, Shell, Jet | 2.5 |
| Gold | 2-3 |
| Bronze, Coral, Pearl | 3 |
| Azurite | 3.5-4 |
| Iron | 4 |
| Glass | 5 |
| Lapis lazuli | 5-5.5 |
| Turquoise | 5-6 |
| Opal | 5.5-6.5 |
| Moonstone | 6-6.5 |
| Peridot | 6.5 |
| Jade | 6.5-7 |
| Amethyst, Chalcedony, Quartz, Steel (pocket knife) | 7 |
| Garnet | 6.5-7.5 |
| Tourmaline | 7-7.5 |
| Zircon | 7.5 |
| Aquamarine, Emerald | 7-8 |
| Spinel, Topaz | 8 |
| Chrysoberyl | 8.5 |
| Ruby, Sapphire | 9 |
| Diamond | 10 |
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Rock and Mineral Dictionary |
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