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Hurricane Landfall and Storm Surges
Landfall is when a hurricane reaches the coast and begins to travel over land.
Storm Surge
A storm surge is a rise in the ocean as the result of strong winds from a hurricane or other intense storm. This ocean water crashes onto the land in a powerful surge. The storm surge combined with the heavy rain that comes with the hurricane can cause dangerous flooding in low-lying coastal areas, especially when a storm surge coincides with a high tide. This flooding can be the most dangerous part of a hurricane, potentially causing many deaths.
The height of the storm surge is the difference between the level of the ocean and the level that would have occurred normally. A storm surge is usually estimated by subtracting the regular high tide level from the observed storm tide - it can be 15 feet tall or more in a very strong storm. For example, in 1985, Hurricane Opal (a Category 3 storm) caused storm surges up to 24 feet, causing flood damage along the Florida coastline near Fort Walton Beach.
The End of a Storm
When a hurricane travels over land or over cold water, its energy source (warm, evaporating water) is no longer available, so the storm weakens, leaving a weak weather system that can produce a lot of rain.
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