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ANATOMY
Monoclonius was a large, early ceratopsian with a huge head that was held close to the ground. Its skull was 6 feet (1.8) long from beak to frill. It had a small frill on its head with a single nose horn that pointed upwards and two smaller horns over the eyes. The short snout ended in a parrot-like, toothless beak, but Monoclonius also had many cheek teeth. It walked on four legs with hoofed toes, had a bulky body, and a short, thick, pointed tail.
Monoclonius was up to 16.5 feet (5 m) long and may have weighed about 4780 pounds (2170 kg).
WHEN MONOCLONIUS LIVED
Monoclonius lived in the late Cretaceous period, about 76 to 73 million years ago, toward the end of the Mesozoic, the Age of Reptiles.
BEHAVIOR
Monoclonius may have been a herding animal, snce some other ceratopsians may have been.
Males may have had larger frills than females; the frill may have been used in courtship and mating.
INTELLIGENCE
Monoclonius was a ceratopsian, whose intelligence (as measured by its relative brain to body weight, or EQ) was intermediate among the dinosaurs.
Monoclonius was an herbivore, a plant eater. It probably ate cycads, palms, and other prehistoric plants with its tough, hook-like beak. It could also chew well with its cheek teeth (like other Ceratopsians, but unlike most other dinosaurs).
Monoclonius walked on four short legs; it was a relatively slow dinosaur. Dinosaur speeds are estimated using their morphology (characteristics like leg length and estimated body mass) and fossilized trackways.
Monoclonius fossils have been found in Montana, USA, and Alberta, Canada. It was named by U.S. paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope in 1876.
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