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Echinoderms are spiny-skinned invertebrates that live on the ocean floor. The word echinoderm means "spiny skin." No echinoderms are found in fresh water. Modern-day echinoderms have five-fold symmetry (they are pentameral), having arms or rays in multiples of five. Some fossil echinoderms did not have five-fold symmetry.
Echinoderms are armored animals that have a hard exoskeleton made of interlocking calcium carbonate plates and spines. These slow-moving creatures have a water-vascular system (a rudimentary circulatory system), water-filled channels that go through the body.
The oldest-known fossil echinoderm is Arkarua, which lived in pre-Cambrian times, during the Vendian period, roughly 560 million years ago, in what is now Australia.
Some echinoderms include sea stars (also called starfish), brittle stars (which includes basket stars), sea cucumbers, sea urchins, sand dollars, and crinoids (also called feather stars, which have a soft body surrounded by upwards-facing arms). Classification: Kingdom Animalia (animals), Phylum Echinodermata.
Echinoderms:
 Brittle Star A bottom-dwelling marine invertebrate with long, spiny arms. |
 Purple Sea Urchin A spiny, globular animal that lives on the ocean floor off the western coast of North America. |
Sand Dollar Sand Dollars are echinoderms, disk-shaped spiny-skinned sea bed animals that have 5-part radial symmetry. |
Sea Star (Starfish) Sea stars, another name for starfish, are animals that live on the ocean floor. |
Sea Urchin A spiny, globular animal that lives on the ocean floor. |
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |
| Amphibians | Arachnids | Birds | Cats | Dogs | Dinosaurs | Fish | Insects | Mammals | Invertebrates | Reptiles |
| Camouflaged | Endangered | Hibernating | Life Cycles | Migratory | Nocturnal | Poisonous | Underground | Venomous |
| Africa | Antarctica | Arctic | Asia | Australia | Europe | North America | South America |
| Coral Reef | Desert | Grassland | Pond | Coniferous Forest | Ocean | Temperate Deciduous Forest | Tropical Rainforest | Tundra | More Biomes |
| Simple Animal Printouts | Guidelines for Writing a Report on an Animal | Animal Report Graphic Organizers |
In addition to printing the animals, you can copy a printout (click here for instructions) and paste it into a painting program (like Paint) and color the animal there. (Thanks to Grace P. from Thorngrove School for this great idea.)
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